Since many of the molecules interesting from a biological point of view have some chromophores satisfying the criteria illustrated in the preceding page, they are all object of study for the CD spectroscopist.
Here you can find a list of some selected applications:
| Protein secondary structure evaluation | |
| Protein thermodynamics | |
| Ligand binding | |
| Solvent effects on macromolecular structure | |
| Nucleic acid structure evaluation | |
| Nucleic acid thermodynamics | |
| Protein folding process |
As you can imagine, what is common to all these possible CD experiments is the presence in the target molecules of a group of chiral chromophores. Their particular three-dimensional arrangement or the change of their disposition under experimental perturbations (like solvent changes, temperature increase ...) can be monitored by CD.
None of these experiments takes more than a day to obtain results (and most of them require less than 2 hours!). Of course, the analysis of data can take longer times, but usually a very detailed and accurate result (in the range attainable by CD) can be obtained in a week. For qualitative purposes, however, the results come immediately after data collection.
At this point, we can safely say that the scope of CD spectroscopy is to study the three-dimensional arrangement of some groups of chromophores in a molecule of interest. Thanks to God, the chromophores we are talking about are very common in biological compounds (e.g. the peptidic bond of protein or the bases of DNA), so that the CD spectroscopy is not restricted to organic chemistry labs.