Bioinformatics

Do you know ... ?

• the human genome sequence is almost exactly the same in all people, 99.9%
• human genome contains 3 billion nucleotide bases (A, C, T, and G)
• about 2% of the genome encodes instructions for the synthesis of proteins (protein-coding regions, exons)
• repeat sequences (non-coding regions, introns) make up at least 50% of the human genome
• human genome has a much greater portion (50%) of repeat sequences than the mustard weed (11%), the worm (7%), and the fly (3%)
• an average gene consists of 3000 bases
• gene size and exon number vary greatly
• dystrophin is the largest known human gene (2.4 million bases, transcription takes 16 hours)
• unknown function for more than 50% of the discovered genes
• over 40% of the predicted human proteins share similarity with fruit-fly or worm proteins
• chromosome 1 (the largest human chromosome) has the most genes (2968), the Y chromosome has the fewest (231)

 

Organism	Chromosome number	Genome Size (Bases)	Estimated Genes	Common with Human
Human (Homo sapiens)	23	3.400.000.000	30.000-40.000	100%
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	24	3.700.000.000	30.000	98%
Mouse (Mus musculus)	20	2.600.000.000	30.000	90%
Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	4	122.653.977	13.500	36%
Mustard weed (Arabidopsis thaliana)	5	117.000.000	25.500	26%
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	16	12.050.000	6.180	23%
Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	6	95.500.000	19.140	21%
Rice (Oryza sativa)	12	400.000.000	43.000-63.000	*20%
Bacterium (Escherichia coli)	1	4.640.000	4.300	7%
Virus (Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)	-	9.750	9	**-%

* Assumption., ** No information found.

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